高風壓沖(chong)擊器是一個能產生沖擊作用的氣動裝置，其基本結構一般由配氣機構，內外缸、活塞幾部分組成，利用壓縮空氣推動錘體做功，打擊釬頭來鉆鑿巖石。
通過不(bu)斷改變(bian)(bian)進排氣(qi)(qi)方向，就(jiu)可實現活塞(sai)在氣(qi)(qi)缸內的(de)不(bu)斷往復運動，從而也能不(bu)斷反復沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)外頭，這(zhe)就(jiu)是氣(qi)(qi)功(gong)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)器工作的(de)簡單原理(li)和過程。造成控制反復改變(bian)(bian)進排壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)方向的(de)機(ji)構叫(jiao)配氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)構，配氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)構是沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)器的(de)核心部分(fen)，當壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進入(ru)前(qian)氣(qi)(qi)室時推(tui)動活塞(sai)上(shang)行，當壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進入(ru)后氣(qi)(qi)室時推(tui)動活塞(sai)下行。活塞(sai)是沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)器的(de)一(yi)個能量轉(zhuan)換裝置，它依靠活塞(sai)運動將壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)能量轉(zhuan)換為沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)的(de)機(ji)械能，一(yi)般是以沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)功(gong)表示，沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)功(gong)的(de)大小(xiao)決(jue)定于(yu)活塞(sai)的(de)重量及(ji)運動速度。
壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)進(jin)入(ru)內(nei)(nei)缸(gang)和(he)外(wai)缸(gang)間(jian)的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)槽(cao)(cao)，由(you)內(nei)(nei)缸(gang)的徑向(xiang)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔進(jin)入(ru)前(qian)(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，推動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)上(shang)(shang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體由(you)于(yu)(yu)容積變小而(er)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，經活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)上(shang)(shang)端內(nei)(nei)孔與(yu)上(shang)(shang)接(jie)頭(tou)下(xia)(xia)部(bu)芯管之間(jian)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)間(jian)隙排(pai)(pai)(pai)到襯(chen)套(tao)(tao)(tao)的下(xia)(xia)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)槽(cao)(cao)，此(ci)時前(qian)(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。當(dang)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)中(zhong)部(bu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)接(jie)觸(chu)內(nei)(nei)缸(gang)下(xia)(xia)端內(nei)(nei)孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)，即關閉了(le)前(qian)(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通道(dao)，前(qian)(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)封(feng)閉狀(zhuang)態(tai)，室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體開始膨脹(zhang)作(zuo)動，繼(ji)續(xu)推動活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)上(shang)(shang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，此(ci)為(wei)膨脹(zhang)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。當(dang)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)上(shang)(shang)端內(nei)(nei)孔與(yu)芯管密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)接(jie)觸(chu)而(er)關閉排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)槽(cao)(cao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮狀(zhuang)態(tai)，進(jin)入(ru)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)繼(ji)續(xu)上(shang)(shang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，當(dang)底端面(mian)(mian)(mian)越過襯(chen)套(tao)(tao)(tao)上(shang)(shang)徑向(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔后(hou)(hou)(hou)，前(qian)(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開始排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，經襯(chen)套(tao)(tao)(tao)內(nei)(nei)孔直(zhi)接(jie)排(pai)(pai)(pai)到下(xia)(xia)部(bu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)槽(cao)(cao)，此(ci)時前(qian)(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。當(dang)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)上(shang)(shang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)越過內(nei)(nei)缸(gang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)槽(cao)(cao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開始進(jin)入(ru)后(hou)(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)作(zuo)減速運(yun)動，直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)速度為(wei)零而(er)停止運(yun)動，即完成了(le)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)的回(hui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)運(yun)動。活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)沖程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經歷的過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)反，前(qian)(qian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)依(yi)次經歷排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)依(yi)次經歷進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。膨脹(zhang)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。經潛孔錘作(zuo)功后(hou)(hou)(hou)的廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)襯(chen)套(tao)(tao)(tao)下(xia)(xia)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)槽(cao)(cao)經外(wai)缸(gang)徑向(xiang)孔排(pai)(pai)(pai)至(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)缸(gang)與(yu)外(wai)套(tao)(tao)(tao)管之間(jian)的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)通道(dao)，再經上(shang)(shang)接(jie)頭(tou)右(you)側排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔及(ji)專門排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管排(pai)(pai)(pai)出外(wai)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在孔內(nei)(nei)形成*的封(feng)閉循(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)。
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